If the door of your safe says Victor and Cincinnati, it comes from a firm that sold small, hand-decorated fire-proof safes by the thousand to farmers, doctors, postmasters and shopkeepers, and built manganese steel bank safes as well. Here’s its history, and how to date the one in front of you.
1885
Business organised in Cincinnati (incorporated 1887)
135 lb
The smallest Victor safe of 1888, retail $24
1904
Grand Prize at the St. Louis World’s Fair
1920
Bought by the Safe-Cabinet Company of Marietta
Key takeaways
- Victor was organised in Cincinnati in 1885 and incorporated in 1887. “Trade Mark 1885” on a Victor door is the firm’s date, not the date your safe was made.
- Its speciality was cheap, decorated fire-proof safes for homes, farms and small businesses, sold through agents, dealers and magazine advertisements for about $12 to $30 around 1890.
- It also made manganese steel screw-door bank safes and vault doors. “Grand Prize St. Louis 1904” on a safe means it was made in 1904 or later.
- The Safe-Cabinet Company of Marietta, Ohio, bought the business in 1920, and the Victor name carried on under Safe-Cabinet and Remington Rand into the 1930s.
In This Article
Victor Safe & Lock Co. at a glance
| Country | United States (Cincinnati and Norwood, Ohio) |
| Founded | Organised 1885; incorporated in Ohio 1887 |
| People | Thomas S. Spivey, inventor, called its founder and owner in his obituary; W. E. Arnold and W. C. Hattersley, officers in the 1900s |
| Addresses | 118 West Seventh Street (1887–1889); Ninth Street and Broadway, later given as 819–829 Broadway (1890s–1900s); desk warerooms at 318–326 East Eighth Street (c.1900); new plant in Norwood (planned 1908, in use by the 1910s) |
| Products | Household, office, postal and farmers’ safes; fire-proof boxes; manganese steel screw-door bank safes; vault fronts and doors; safe-deposit boxes; office desks |
| Successors | Safe-Cabinet Company, Victor Safe & Lock Division (1920); Rand Kardex (1926); Remington Rand (1927); Victor Safe & Equipment Co. (by 1930) |
| Patents | More than 40 US patents assigned to the company between 1888 and 1916 |
Nobody has published a history of Victor, and the company’s own records haven’t been traced. We’ve pieced this entry together from the firm’s catalogues, its advertisements, patents, court reports, trade journals and city directories, so expect some gaps.
History of the Victor Safe & Lock Co.
A safe for “the popular classes”, 1885–1900
Victor put its own dates up front. Its catalogue of about 1902 opens with two of them: “Organized 1885. Incorporated 1887.”1 By May 1887 the company was advertising from 118 West Seventh Street, Cincinnati, for agents to sell its “Victor Household and Office Safes”, promising prices 80 per cent lower than other makes.2 Its pocket catalogue of 1888 lists patents of 29 December 1885 and 7 June, 11 October and 1 November 1887.3
The man most often linked with the firm is Thomas S. Spivey, whose permutation lock patent of 1888 was assigned to the company.4 When he died in November 1938, aged 82, a United Press obituary said he had founded and owned Victor, had retired in 1897, and was reputedly the boy Mark Twain had in mind for Tom Sawyer, a claim it credited to his widow.5 The retirement date doesn’t fit the record, though: Spivey still appears among the officers in the catalogue of about 1902, alongside W. E. Arnold and W. C. Hattersley, and was assigning safe patents to Victor as late as 1916.1,6
Victor went after the buyers other safe makers ignored. The 1888 catalogue lists doctors, lawyers, clergymen, farmers, country merchants, township officials, lodges, postmasters, butchers, tailors and bakers, and claims the firm sold “fifty Household Safes where all other companies sell one”.3 A Cincinnati feature in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper that October credited the company with $100,000 of capital, a capacity of about fifty finished safes a day, and trade with every state, Canada and Mexico.7 By about 1902 the catalogue gave the capital as $200,000 and claimed average shipments of 1,000 safes a month.1 Those are the company’s own figures, not an audit.
Cheap safes kept selling in hard times. In August 1893, during a financial panic, a Cincinnati report said the main safe factories of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, York (Pa.) and Hamilton (Ohio) had shut down, while Victor was running every department on longer hours and was months behind with orders for burglar-proof chests and for safes at $12 to $25.8
Timeline
- 1885 Business organised in Cincinnati.
- 1887 Incorporated in Ohio; advertising from 118 West Seventh Street.
- 1888 Pocket catalogue: No. 1 safe, 135 lb, $24.
- 1894 Factory advertised at Ninth Street and Broadway.
- 1898–1899 Victor’s first screw-door safe patents, for bank safes.
- 1904 Grand Prize at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis.
- 1908 Plans a $500,000 plant on a 15-acre lot in Norwood.
- 1920 Bought by the Safe-Cabinet Company of Marietta, Ohio.
- 1926–1927 Safe-Cabinet joins Rand Kardex, which becomes part of Remington Rand.
- 1930–1933 Patents assigned to the Victor Safe & Equipment Company.
Selling safes by post and by agent
Victor sold in every way open to a mail-order age. Its catalogues were written for dealers and travelling agents, with confidential price lists and order forms, and safes were shipped on rail cars from Cincinnati.3 An 1889 advertisement in a medical journal took the opposite line, offering doctors a safe “lettered with name” from $12 sold direct, with no middlemen.9
The safes also turned up in places you might not expect. In 1896 the publishers of The Youth’s Companion offered readers a Victor house safe of about 100 lb, delivered to any New England freight office for $8.75.10 In 1902 Victor was advertising a 50 lb fire-proof box in The Saturday Evening Post, with a free illustrated catalogue for anyone who wrote in.11 A Victor catalogue of about 1910 that survives in Texas came with its own envelope, an order form and a table of freight rates for every state.12
The company’s catalogue of about 1902 even includes a long chapter of advice for salesmen, with a ready answer to every excuse a merchant might give, from “I do not need a safe” to “I am going to buy a second-hand safe”.1 Newspaper advertisements of 1912 were still recruiting agents to sell Victor safes “to merchants, doctors, lawyers, dentists and well-to-do farmers”, and a 1916 patent for a salesman’s kit of paste-on diagrams shows how its agents explained the inside of a safe to customers.13,14
Owners often ask whether their Victor came from Sears, and the honest answer is that nobody has shown it did. Sears, Roebuck’s 1897 catalogue did sell safes shipped direct from “a large safe manufacturer at Cincinnati”, but it never names the maker, and its sizes and weights don’t match Victor’s own lists.15 We haven’t found a catalogue that names Victor as a Sears supplier.
Manganese steel bank safes and the 1904 Grand Prize
From 1898 Victor’s patents show it chasing a very different customer: the bank. Charles E. Blechschmidt of Bellevue, Kentucky, assigned it a series of screw-door safe patents from 1899, and later patents by Spivey, Wilber E. Arnold, George A. Hattersley and others cover screw doors, vault doors and safe bodies cast in one piece from metal too hard to machine.16,17,18 A screw door is screwed tightly into its frame like a lid, leaving no gap for explosives, which is why round “cannonball” safes appear in our history of safe-cracking.
At the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis, Victor showed solid manganese steel bank safes alongside its fire-proof and burglar-proof line. According to a dispatch to the American Banker, reprinted in Victor’s own vault catalogue, the exhibit won the Highest Award Grand Prize and a gold medal; the catalogue adds, not modestly, that $45,000 of sales were made from the stand.19 The same catalogue lists United States post offices fitted with Victor vaults, from Nashville to Salem, Oregon.19
Bank safes made enemies. In 1909 the Norris Safe Company of Atlanta publicly challenged Victor and its local agents to a contest between Victor’s “so-called solid spherical manganese steel screw door bank safe” and its own.20 We haven’t found any report that the test took place. Victor is also said to have bought the Consolidated Time Lock Co., the Hall family’s time lock firm, in 1906, but that purchase has not been proven.21 For the Hall side of that story, see our entry on Hall’s Safe & Lock.
Norwood, the Safe-Cabinet Company and the end of Victor
In April 1908 Victor, then at Eighth Street and Broadway, was preparing plans for a $500,000 plant on a 15-acre lot it owned in Norwood, a separate city surrounded by Cincinnati. W. C. Hattersley was named as treasurer.22 By 1912 advertisements pictured “Our New Home. Capacity 20,000 Safes Annually” and said the company’s 25th anniversary had been celebrated by building “the most modern safe factory in the world”.13 A patent of 1916 gives the company’s address as Norwood, and the Norwood directory of 1917–1918 lists Victor workers from deposit box makers and vault builders to painters and locksmiths.6,23
In June 1920 the trade journal Office Appliances reported that the Safe-Cabinet Company of Marietta, Ohio, had bought “the entire assets and business” of the Victor Safe and Lock Company, including the Norwood plant of seventeen acres. It would run as The Safe-Cabinet Company, Victor Safe & Lock Division, with Victor’s general manager, Kline, kept on as manager.24 The Norwood Historical Society dates the purchase to April 1920.25
The Victor name didn’t vanish overnight. Victor shipped safe-deposit boxes for a Chicago safe deposit company in 1923, a Victor Safe & Lock Co. man from Cincinnati called on the trade journal Office Appliances in August 1924, and in 1928 a Texas sheriff seized a “Victor Insulated Cabinet” to satisfy a judgment won by the Victor Safe and Lock Company.26,27,28 Rand Kardex took control of the Safe-Cabinet Company in 1926 and merged with the Remington Typewriter Company in 1927 to form Remington Rand.25,29 Patents filed in 1930 and 1931 were assigned to the Victor Safe & Equipment Company, first of Marietta, Ohio, then of North Tonawanda, New York, and “Victor safes” were still being sold in California in 1937.30,31
Victor safe models, sizes and weights
Victor didn’t name its safes; it numbered them by size. These are the figures printed in its own catalogues and advertisements, so you can check yours with a tape measure. Outside measurements include the castors.3,32,33,1,34,35,19
| No. 1 (1888) | 19 x 12 x 13 in outside; 135 lb (61 kg); $24. “We place No. 1 mostly in bed-chambers and private offices” |
| No. 1 (c.1896–1904) | About 16 in high and 13 in deep; about 100 lb (45 kg) |
| No. 2, Household or Farmers’ safe (1887–c.1902) | 21 to 22 in high; 225 to 250 lb (102 to 113 kg); $30 |
| No. 2½ (c.1902) | 26½ x 16½ x 17½ in; 400 lb (181 kg); $35 |
| No. 3, Dealers’ and Office safe (1889) | 600 lb (272 kg) |
| No. 3½ (c.1900) | 31 x 20 x 21 in; sold with a roll-top desk as an office outfit |
| No. 5, County Official’s safe (1889) | 1,360 lb (617 kg) |
| No. 6, General Business safe (1889) | 1,800 lb (816 kg) |
| Fire-proof box (c.1902–1904) | 50 lb (23 kg); padlock with duplicate keys |
| Vault fronts No. 1 to No. 4 (1904) | 600 to 1,200 lb (272 to 544 kg); No. 5 US Government vault 1,500 lb (680 kg) |
Bank safes were built to order and priced separately. The bank at Latah, Washington, agreed in 1905 to pay $1,400 for a “No. 49 Victor Manganese Steel Screw Door Bank Safe”.36 For moving and floor loading, see our guide to how much an old safe weighs.
How to identify and date a Victor safe
Victor safes are easy to recognise and hard to date closely, because the firm used the same name and city on its doors for more than thirty years. The clues below will at least narrow it down. Our general guide on how to date an old safe covers the rest.
Clue 1
The name and town
“The Victor Safe & Lock Co., Cincinnati, O.” appears on safes of every period, even after the move to Norwood. Safe-Cabinet Company, Remington Rand or “Victor Safe & Equipment Co.” with Marietta means 1920 or later.37,24,30
Paintwork, transfers and lettering
The 1888 catalogue was almost apologetic about its own pictures. Its engravings, it warned, didn’t do justice to the safes, which were “much more showy and handsome in the original, where the colors used in ornamenting show”.3 A Victor advertisement of 1889 describes the exterior as “beautifully finished and ornamented by hand”, with burnished parts nickel-plated.33 Victor lettered the buyer’s name over the door in shaded gold bronze free of charge, so a name on the front is usually the first owner’s, not the maker’s.1
Surviving small Victors usually have black paint with pinstriping and scrollwork, the company name on the inner door, and sometimes an eagle emblem inside the door marking the safe as fire-proof.38,37 Bank safes can carry a dealer’s name too, as on the screw-door safe pictured below, lettered for the Baldwin Safe Co. of Los Angeles.40 The Early Office Museum shows several Victor safes of about 1904 for comparison.41 Original paint is part of the evidence, so photograph it before anyone cleans or repaints the safe.
Addresses on paperwork
If any old paperwork came with your safe, look at it before the door. Doors rarely give a street, but receipts, catalogues and certificates kept with a safe often do. These are the years each address is recorded:2,9,42,1,34,22,6
| 118 West Seventh Street, Cincinnati | 1887–1889 |
| Ninth Street and Broadway, Cincinnati | 1894 |
| 819–829 Broadway, Cincinnati | Catalogue of c.1902 |
| 318–326 East Eighth Street (desks) | Catalogue of c.1900 |
| Eighth Street and Broadway, Cincinnati | 1908 |
| Norwood, Ohio | Patents of 1916; plant sold in 1920 |
| Marietta, Ohio (Victor Safe & Equipment Co.) | 1930 |
Serial numbers and records
No list of Victor serial numbers has been published, so a number on its own can’t date a safe yet. In 1934 an official of Yale & Towne told the FBI that Victor had been taken over by the Safe-Cabinet Company and transferred to Yale & Towne about 1925, “with such records as they had”, and that some Victor officials had set up the Laminated Metal Products Co. and taken customer records with them.26 We don’t know where those records are now.
Not sure what you have? Send us photos of the door lettering, the dial and any numbers and we’ll help you date your Victor. That’s also how a serial list gets built: one reader’s number and purchase date at a time.
Notable Victor safes and stories
A “cannonball” for the county treasurer
The Victor in the North Star Mine museum at Grass Valley, California, is lettered “County Treasurer” and “Manganese Steel”, with the door hung on a swinging crane and turned by a crank.40 A similar safe arrived at the Savings Bank of Mendocino County in Ukiah in 1911, where the local paper described a spherical gold vault on a square base with its own lock for silver, and a door nearly two feet thick that “screws shut”.43
The bank at Latah, 1905
In September 1905 a Victor agent sold the Bank of Latah, Washington, a No. 49 manganese steel screw-door bank safe for $1,400: $950 in cash and the bank’s old double-door Hall safe with burglar-proof chest in part exchange. The bank later refused to pay, saying the agent had misled it; Victor sued, and the Supreme Court of Washington upheld the judgment for Victor in January 1908.36
“Cheap safes”: Victor in court, 1906
Victor didn’t take criticism quietly. Its catalogues complained at length about rival agents who ran down its safes.1 When Victor went to law over a rival’s remarks, the federal appeals court held in 1906 that calling its products “cheap safes” was a libel on the goods, not on the company itself.44,45 That’s a fine distinction for a firm that had built its business on low prices. Shareholders also went to court that year, asking for a receiver and alleging mismanagement.46
A key in the Dillinger file, 1934
In 1934 the FBI tried to trace a safe-deposit key, No. 235, found with people thought to be linked to John Dillinger. The secretary of the Mosler Lock Company in Covington, Kentucky, told agents that Victor had gone out of business about ten years earlier and had sold nationwide, so the key would be almost impossible to trace. Yale & Towne’s files then turned up a lot of boxes shipped by Victor in 1923 for a safe deposit company in Chicago.26 The Mosler family’s firms have their own entry: Mosler safes.
Myths and unverified claims
My Victor safe is dated 1885.
1885 is the year the business was organised. “Trade Mark 1885” is the firm’s mark, not a date of manufacture.
Victor safes were sold through the Sears catalogue.
Sears sold safes from an unnamed Cincinnati maker in 1897. We have found nothing naming Victor.
Victor safes beat all others in the 1906 San Francisco fire.
That is Victor’s own advertising claim of 1908. We have found no independent report to back it.
Remington Rand bought Victor in 1927.
The Safe-Cabinet Company bought Victor in 1920 and came into Remington Rand through Rand Kardex in 1926–1927.
The 1906 fire claim and the 1904 Grand Prize both come from the same 1908 advertisement in The World Almanac, the source of the engraving at the top of this page.37 The number of Victor safes in use grew quickly too, at least on paper: an agent in Edmonton advertised “over 120,000 in use” in 1904, and an Armco Iron advertisement of 1916 said 300,000.47,48 Treat all of these as advertising.
I have a Victor safe: what now?
Weight
How heavy is it?
Even the small household Victors weighed 100 to 250 lb (45 to 113 kg) new, and office sizes 400 to 1,800 lb (181 to 816 kg). Don’t try it alone: use two people and a hand truck, or a safe mover.
Opening
Lost the combination?
Call a qualified safe technician, in the US for example a member of SAVTA. They can usually open an old Victor without wrecking it, and often recover the combination.
Value
Is it worth anything?
Collectors pay most for original paint and lettering, a working lock with its combination, intact interior fittings and a size that is easy to move. Bank safes are rarer but costly to transport.
Our owner’s guide, I have an old safe: what now?, covers moving, opening and insurance. If you’re thinking of buying a Victor, read our guide to buying a second-hand safe first.
Frequently asked questions
Who made Victor safes?
The Victor Safe & Lock Co. of Cincinnati, Ohio, organised in 1885 and incorporated in 1887, with a later plant in Norwood. From 1920 the business belonged to the Safe-Cabinet Company of Marietta, and later to Remington Rand.
How old is my Victor safe?
Most Victor-marked safes date from the late 1880s to the 1920s. Check for patent dates, the 1904 St. Louis award wording and the style of dial and handle, and ignore “1885”, which is just the firm’s own date.
How much does an antique Victor safe weigh?
Victor’s catalogues give about 100 lb (45 kg) for the smallest house safe, 135 to 250 lb (61 to 113 kg) for the No. 1 and No. 2 of the 1880s and 1890s, and up to 1,800 lb (816 kg) for the largest office safe.
What is my Victor safe worth?
It depends on size, condition, original paint and a working lock. We don’t give valuations; compare sold prices for the same size and condition, or ask an antiques appraiser.
I have lost the combination to my Victor safe. What can I do?
Contact a qualified safe technician or a locksmith who works on safes. Victor’s records haven’t survived in an accessible form, so there’s no looking up the combination from the serial number.
Sources:
- The Victor Safe & Lock Co., general catalogue (Cincinnati, c.1902: it describes former mayor John A. Caldwell as having since become Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio), scan via dokumen.pub. ↩︎
- Victor Safe and Lock Co. advertisement, The Farm Journal, May 1887. ↩︎
- The Victor Safe and Lock Co., Catalogue [pocket catalogue for agents] (Cincinnati: Knight & Co., printers, 1888), scan via dokumen.pub. ↩︎
- Thomas S. Spivey, “Permutation-lock”, US patent 390,528, 2 October 1888, assigned to the Victor Safe and Lock Company. ↩︎
- United Press obituary of Thomas Sawyer Spivey, Cincinnati, 8 November 1938, printed in Daily Worker, 9 November 1938. ↩︎
- Thomas S. Spivey and George A. Hattersley, “Safe-deposit receptacle or box for use in trunks”, US patent 1,168,914, 18 January 1916, assigned to the Victor Safe & Lock Company “of Norwood, Ohio”. ↩︎
- “The Victor Safe & Lock Co.”, in a Cincinnati trade feature, Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 27 October 1888, supplement. ↩︎
- “A Demand for Safes”, Cincinnati dispatch of 24 August 1893, Victoria Daily Times, August 1893. ↩︎
- Victor Safe & Lock Co. advertisement, American Medical Digest, vol. 8 (1889). ↩︎
- Perry Mason & Co. offer of a Victor house safe, The Youth’s Companion, 16 July 1896. ↩︎
- Victor Safe and Lock Co. advertisement for a fire-proof box, The Saturday Evening Post, 20 December 1902. ↩︎
- Victor Safe and Lock Company, The Victor [catalogue], c.1910, and order form, c.1910, The Portal to Texas History, University of North Texas Libraries, crediting the CC Cox Family collection. ↩︎
- Victor Safe & Lock Co. advertisement for salesmen (“Our New Home. Capacity 20,000 Safes Annually”), Sedalia Democrat, 25 March 1912; the same advertisement ran in many papers that year. ↩︎
- Everett C. Kline and Carl H. Petermann, “Sales exhibit device”, US patent 1,200,854, 10 October 1916, assigned to the Victor Safe and Lock Company. ↩︎
- Sears, Roebuck and Co., Consumers Guide, Catalogue No. 104, Spring 1897, “Safes”. ↩︎
- Charles E. Blechschmidt, “Screw-door safe”, US patent 635,291, 24 October 1899, assigned to the Victor Safe and Lock Company. ↩︎
- Thomas S. Spivey, “Safe construction”, US patent 903,800, 10 November 1908, assigned to Victor Safe & Lock Company. ↩︎
- Google Patents, patents with assignee “Victor Safe”, before 1940 (46 results, consulted October 2026). ↩︎
- The Victor Safe & Lock Co., Vault Department catalogue (Cincinnati, 1904), including the American Banker’s dispatch of 21 October 1904 on the St. Louis award, scan via dokumen.pub. ↩︎
- Norris Safe Company, open letter and challenge, The Atlanta Constitution, 9 November 1909. ↩︎
- My Time Machines, “Hall later” (Hall and Consolidated time locks), which notes that the sale of Consolidated to Victor in 1906 is not proven. ↩︎
- Construction news, Norwood, Ohio, Engineering News, 23 April 1908, supplement. ↩︎
- Williams’ Norwood, Ohio, Directory 1917–1918 (many residents listed as working for the Victor Safe & Lock Co.). ↩︎
- “Safe-Cabinet Acquires Victor Safe & Lock”, Office Appliances, June 1920. ↩︎
- Norwood Historical Society, “Companies in Norwood, Ohio: S”, entry for The Safe Cabinet Company. ↩︎
- Federal Bureau of Investigation, John Dillinger file, reports of April 1934 on key no. 235, “John Dillinger Gang”, part 11, via Internet Archive. ↩︎
- “The Guest Book” and convention register, Office Appliances, September 1924. ↩︎
- Sheriff’s sale notice, Milam County, Texas, Cameron Herald, 11 October 1928. ↩︎
- Randex, “About Us” (company timeline: Safe Cabinet Company merged into Rand Kardex 1926; Remington Rand formed 1927). ↩︎
- Reginald Miller Tussing, “Package of index guides”, US patent 1,876,181 (filed 1930), assigned to The Victor Safe & Equipment Company of Marietta, Ohio; and “Index tab”, US patent 1,938,944 (filed 1931), assigned to The Victor Safe & Equipment Company, North Tonawanda, N.Y. ↩︎
- “Townsend Opens Oakland Store”, Office Appliances, July 1937. ↩︎
- Victor Safe and Lock Co. advertisement with sizes, weights and prices, The Cambria Freeman (Ebensburg, Pa.), 16 September 1887. ↩︎
- Advertisement for the Victor House & Office Safe, The Centre Reporter (Centre Hall, Pa.), 16 May 1889. ↩︎
- Catalogue of the Victor Safe & Lock Co., Manufacturers of Office Desks (Cincinnati, c.1900), scan via dokumen.pub; dated “ca. 1900” in Trade Catalogues at Winterthur (1984), no. 1011, via Internet Archive. ↩︎
- The Victor Safe & Lock Co., The Queen Safe leaflet with order form and fire-proof box (Cincinnati, c.1904), scan via dokumen.pub. ↩︎
- Victor Safe & Lock Co. v. O’Neil, 48 Wash. 176, 93 P. 214 (Supreme Court of Washington, 6 January 1908), via vLex. ↩︎
- Victor Safe and Lock Co. advertisement, The World Almanac and Encyclopedia (1908), p. xxiii, via Wikimedia Commons (Internet Archive Book Images, no known copyright restrictions). ↩︎
- Dealer descriptions of sold Victor safes: Bargain John’s Antiques, “Antique Victor iron safe” (“Trade Mark 1885” and eagle emblem inside the door); Harp Gallery, “Victor of Cincinnati 1885 iron combination safe, original pinstriping” and “Victor Ohio antique safe” (black paint, pinstriping, owner’s name). ↩︎
- The National Locksmith, January 1989, quoting a safe technicians’ bulletin on identifying early and later Victor safes. ↩︎
- Jim Heaphy (Cullen328), “Cannonball safe”, North Star Mine Powerhouse and Pelton Wheel Museum, Grass Valley, California, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. ↩︎
- Early Office Museum, “Antique Safes”, photographs of Victor safes of c.1904. ↩︎
- Victor Safe and Lock Co. advertisement, Norwood [O.], Her Homes and Her People (1894). ↩︎
- “Latest Vault for the Savings Bank”, Ukiah Republican Press, 7 July 1911. ↩︎
- “Libels on Person and on Property”, Michigan Law Review (1911), discussing Victor Safe & Lock Co. v. Deright, 147 Fed. 211 (8th Cir. 1906), via Internet Archive. ↩︎
- John Maynard Harlan and Lewis W. McCandless, The Federal Trade Commission, its Nature and Powers (Chicago: Callaghan, 1916), which cites Victor Safe & Lock Co. v. Deright (1906) 147 Fed. 211 among trade libels “consisting of the disparagement of the goods of a rival”, via Internet Archive. ↩︎
- “Suit for Receiver”, Cincinnati, 13 July 1906, Newark Advocate, 13 July 1906. ↩︎
- Advertisement of Voyer & Co., real estate agents and “general agent for the Victor Safe & Lock Co.”, Daily Edmonton Bulletin, 7 May 1904. ↩︎
- American Rolling Mill Co. (Armco Iron) advertisement, Scientific American, 22 April 1916. ↩︎
